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Artificial Intelligence

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Artificial intelligence is a broad term used to describe an engineered system where machines learn from experience, adjusting to new inputs, and potentially performing tasks previously done by humans. More specifically, it is a field of computer science dedicated to simulating intelligent behavior in computers. The field of artificial intelligence is rapidly evolving across different sectors and disparate industries.

This topic page regularly updates with the IAPP’s latest resources on AI and privacy. The IAPP additionally hosts a topic page for the EU AI Act.

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Ethics

IAPP GPS 2024: The building blocks for ethical AI programs


OECD publishes report on data scraping ethics


Responsible AI: Putting data ethics into action


Training AI on personal data scraped from the web


AI & ethics – New developments, regulatory considerations and ethical obligations


Companies using AI tools for workplace monitoring, prompting privacy concerns


Generative AI: Privacy and Ethical Considerations for Your Business


A view from DC: Should ChatGPT slow down?


Chinese company develops AI program that predicts when employees will leave job


Ethical guidelines on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and data in teaching and learning for educators


Humans in the Loop: Building a Culture of Responsible AI


Study looks at advances, long-term impact of AI


Diversity and Inclusion: An AI Formula for HR Success


Ethical-AI-by-Design: How Responsible AI Yields a Brighter Tomorrow


Ensuring that responsible humans make good AI


Podcast: Carissa Véliz on privacy, AI ethics and democracy


Face Off: Law Enforcement Use of Face Recognition Technology


The Ethical Use of Personal Data to Build AI Technologies


Artificial Intelligence and Data Protection: Delivering Sustainable AI Accountability in Practice


AI Forum issues guidelines for ‘trustworthy’ use


CNIL – Facial Recognition: For a debate living up to the challenges


London police launch facial-recognition program


Police use of automated license plate readers under fire


Facial-recognition technology: fundamental rights considerations in the context of law enforcement


European Commission considering 3- to 5-year ban of facial-recognition tech


EU aims to regulate AI ethics


EU stresses lawfulness in new ethical AI guidelines


Lawmakers introduce House resolution on ethical AI


AI ethics and moving beyond compliance


Building Ethics into Privacy Frameworks for Big Data and AI


CNIL Report – The ethical matters raised by algorithms and artificial intelligence


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Legislation, Regulation and Enforcement

Global AI Law and Policy Tracker


Global AI Governance Law and Policy: Jurisdiction Overviews


EU AI Act Compliance Matrix


New laws in California look to the future of privacy and AI


DPAs and AI regulation in Africa


The White House AI executive order: A year later


Risks and rewards of AI laws and regulations


Top 10 operational impacts of the EU AI Act – Regulatory implementation and application alongside EU digital strategy


Top 10 operational impacts of the EU AI Act – Post-market monitoring, information sharing, and enforcement


How the FCC and FTC regulate AI-powered robocalls


EU AI Act: 101


EU AI Act: Next Steps for Implementation


EU AI Act: The web of regulatory intersections


AIGG 2024: Cooperation required for AI regulations to succeed


AIGG 2024: Some closing thoughts on AI regulation


Emerging trends in regulating generative AI: How red teaming is shaping the landscape


How privacy and data protection laws apply to AI: Guidance from global DPAs


Get ready for the EU AI Act: Priorities for compliance


Navigating AI’s uncharted waters: Insights from China’s Model AI Law, EU AI Act


Inside the EU AI Act negotiations: A conversation with Laura Caroli


How the proposed APRA could impact AI


A regulatory roadmap to AI and privacy


Will the EU AI Act work? Lessons learned from past legislative initiatives, future challenges


IAPP GPS 2024: European regulators discuss AI Act enforcement, fines


IAPP GPS 2024: Looking toward AI enforcement future


Preparing for AI regulations: A quick look at available frameworks


Regulating AI in the UK: A conversation with Lord Holmes


The EU AI Act: A view from the lawmaker on next steps


The EU AI Act: A major moment in the digital world


A look at proposed US state private sector AI legislation


Breaking down the EU AI Act


Proactive caution: Israel’s approach to AI regulation


The EU AI Act: ‘We have a deal!’ Now what?


Luca Bertuzzi on the EU AI Act’s political deal and what’s next


EU reaches deal on world’s first comprehensive AI regulation


Voice actors and generative AI: Legal challenges and emerging protections


UK First-tier Tribunal overturns ICO enforcement action against Clearview AI


Regulating AI (AI Governance Global, an IAPP event 2023)


What’s next for US state-level AI legislation


US policymakers, regulators discuss future of AI regulation at AIGG


US Senate subcommittee focuses on AI in the workplace


UK digital regulators discuss interagency enforcement, AI governance coordination


London calling: Digital regulation and AI governance


Poll: Americans want federal regulation of AI


Beyond GDPR: Unauthorized reidentification and the Mosaic Effect in the EU AI Act


Regulators’ rulebook for AI: Bit by bit


Catching up with the co-author of the White House Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights


Why AI may hit a roadblock under India’s proposed Digital Data Protection Bill


Schumer outlines comprehensive US blueprint for AI regulation


The EU Artificial Intelligence Act: A look into the EU negotiations


AI: The transatlantic race to regulate


How existing data privacy laws may already regulate data-related aspects of AI


AI governance, regulation top of mind at IAPP CPS 2023


Khan: FTC stands ready to ‘vigorously enforce’ AI


As generative AI grows in popularity, privacy regulators chime in


UK releases white paper on AI regulatory framework


Europol report warns against criminal uses of generative AI


A look at European Parliament’s AI Act negotiations


The future of AI regulations and how companies can prepare


White House OSTP releases ‘Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights’


CEPS publishes EU AI Act report


Sweden’s DPA creates pilot program for decentralized AI


Inside the EU’s rocky path to regulate artificial intelligence


FTC takes steps toward privacy, AI rulemaking


The EU AI Regulation — What’s New and What’s Not?


EU regulators ponder potential avenues to address AI


Council for Transparency calls for regulations, transparency in AI


Privacy and racial justice: Regulating facial recognition technology


What Facebook’s $550 million settlement teaches us about the future of facial recognition


Lawmakers (continue to) grapple with how to regulate facial recognition


US advises EU to avoid heavy regulation of AI


White House releases guidance on AI and report on automated vehicles


US Senate grapples with how to regulate AI


Want Europe to have the best AI? Reform the GDPR


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Machine Learning and Facial Recognition

Machine Learning


Performant risk mitigation for AI and LLMs


How facial age-estimation tech can help protect children’s privacy for COPPA and beyond


How machine learning can help small businesses deal with data privacy compliance


Clearview AI extends database access to US public defenders


Facial recognition: A trend in state regulation


Warning Signs: Identifying Privacy and Security Risks to Machine Learning Systems


Report: Ukraine’s use of facial recognition to identify dead Russian soldiers could backfire


Report: One in two US adults in a law enforcement facial recognition database


Facebook to close its facial recognition system, but will it start a paradigm shift?


Will AI and algorithms truly dictate the future of content?


How to Deal with Facial Recognition and Make it Compliant?


More than Face Value: Facial Recognition Technology & Privacy


Assessing proper regulatory models for facial recognition


Facial Recognition Tech and Privacy: Who Are You? Everyone Wants to Know’


Chatbots and privacy rights after death: Once again, life imitates art


Banks begin trialing tech to monitor employees


Facial recognition on rise to authorize mobile payments


The Privacy Expert’s Guide to AI and Machine Learning


Understanding Facial Detection, Characterization and Recognition Technologies


Subway facial recognition system raises data security, privacy concerns


ACLU files class-action vs. Clearview AI under biometric privacy law


NZ police test Clearview AI tech without consultation


Facial recognition to monitor pedestrians at Texas border crossing


Facial-recognition cameras installed at Irish pitch in 2018


Breaches at our front door: What we can learn from Clearview AI


Report: Investors, clients used Clearview AI’s facial-recognition tech


NYT podcast: Kashmir Hill discusses Clearview AI reporting


FPF: How to Operationalize Data Protection by Design for Machine Learning


Facial-recognition technology: fundamental rights considerations in the context of law enforcement


China uses DNA to create human facial images


Platform uses AI, bots to automate compliance practices


Encryption isn’t enough: Why conversational AI requires more


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Additional News and Resources

Global AI Governance Law and Policy: Jurisdiction Overviews


EU AI Act: 101


At-a-Glance: AI Governance in Practice Report 2024


Contracting around AI: Reading the fine print


US Senate subcommittee ponders accountability for AI-assisted scams


AI and patents: What qualifies as a creator


Tracking evolving policy paradigms in a hallmark year for AI governance


Demystifying AI risk: Risk tiering in regulated and nonregulated industries


AI red teaming strategy and risk assessments: A conversation with Brenda Leong


The White House AI executive order: A year later


Council of Europe’s Framework Convention on AI and its global implications


AI accountability: Considerations for privacy professionals


US agencies take stand against AI-driven employee monitoring


Investing in AI governance literacy


A multistage, interdisciplinary approach to AI assessments


Why terms of service should be on your AI governance radar


AI and privacy: Bridging the gap between progress and protection


What robots can teach us about AI governance


AI’s impact on the language industry


IAPP P.S.R. 2024: Privacy pros look to an AI-tinged future


Implementing AI governance in a global compliance environment


When AI meets PI: Assessing and governing AI from a privacy perspective


Emerging trends in regulating generative AI: How red teaming is shaping the landscape


Evolving jobs in privacy: AI and Big Data’s impact on role redefinition


Automated decision-making or automated decision-execution?


Human in the loop in AI risk management — not a cure-all approach


Assessing AI’s risks and impacts: A conversation with NIST’s Reva Schwartz


AI assessments: How and when to conduct them


Relyance AI’s new data visibility, security management tool offers clearer look into digital assets


Privacy and AI: Bridging the divide


The crucial role of obtaining valid consent in the era of AI model development


AI development raises question of legal basis


Financial, housing sectors urge caution on AI rules


Balancing AI innovation, privacy principles


Can processors use data to train AI, improve products while remaining a processor?


So you want to adopt AI …


Responsible AI Management: Evolving Practice, Growing Value


IAPP-EY Professionalizing Organizational AI Governance Report


Global AI Governance Law and Policy: Canada


EU AI Act Stakeholder Map


Consumer Perspectives of Privacy and Artificial Intelligence


Key Terms for AI Governance


Privacy and AI Governance Report


International Definitions of Artificial Intelligence


Global AI Governance Law and Policy: US


ISO standard offers AI Management System template


The ‘paradox’ of publicly available data


Have your cake and eat it, too: Federated learning and edge computing for safe AI innovation


AIGG 2024: Use the technology of the past to understand AI’s future


What does the Colorado AI Act mean for AI governance and policymaking?


US state AI governance bills: Reflecting on the 2024 cycle with a new resource


Get ready for the EU AI Act: Priorities for compliance


The Colorado AI Act: What you need to know


US Senate AI working group releases roadmap


Building an AI governance and compliance program


Contracting for AI: Finding balance


AI and data privacy: Minimizing risk and maximizing opportunity


Bringing your AI policy to life: Operationalizing key strategies for governance


The EU AI Act: A view from the lawmaker on next steps


The EU AI Act: A major moment in the digital world


Global AI Governance Law and Policy: UK


Global AI Governance Law and Policy: Singapore


The genesis and evolution of the AI governance profession


US federal AI governance: Laws, policies and strategies


Implications of the AI executive order for business


IAPP GPS 2024: European regulators discuss AI Act enforcement, fines


IAPP GPS 2024: The building blocks for ethical AI programs


IAPP GPS 2024: Looking toward AI enforcement future


Preparing for AI regulations: A quick look at available frameworks


The new AI paradigm: Rethinking public engagement for US policymaking


Building a privacy layer for AI


AI beyond the hype: Focus on the data


OECD privacy, AI leaders come together to bridge gaps


Preparing to implement the EU AI Act


The EU AI Act: A view from the lawmaker on next steps


How stakeholders are welcoming EU AI Act


OECD publishes report on data scraping ethics


A look at proposed US state private sector AI legislation


UK DSIT lays out innovation-focused AI strategy


White paper offers suggestions for ensuring data privacy amid rise of AI tech


EU countries vote unanimously to approve AI Act


Mastering the art of AI governance to unlock generative AI innovation


With AI, FTC vows not to repeat privacy mistakes


Ensuring AI governance: The time to act is now!


At-a-Glance: IAPP-EY Professionalizing Organizational AI Governance Report


Proposed data provenance standards aim to enhance trustworthiness of AI training data


Shaping the future: A dynamic taxonomy for AI privacy risks


Proactive caution: Israel’s approach to AI regulation


A proactive drive toward secure AI


Well-intentioned debiasing methods that hamper AI governance tools


AI lang syne: A look back on 2023 and considerations for 2024


New association wants to professionalize the AI auditing industry


The EU AI Act: ‘We have a deal!’ Now what?


Luca Bertuzzi on the EU AI Act’s political deal and what’s next


EU reaches deal on world’s first comprehensive AI regulation


Foundations for an effective AI governance program


Responsible AI: Putting data ethics into action


Urgency to deploy AI cannot be at the expense of effective governance


Voice actors and generative AI: Legal challenges and emerging protections


In an AI-powered world, marketers need a new data strategy


AI governance as an enterprise business initiative


Five compliance best practices for a successful AI governance program


Training AI on personal data scraped from the web


Establishing governance for AI systems


The Alignment Problem in AI (AI Governance Global, an IAPP event 2023)


Responsible AI (AI Governance Global, an IAPP event 2023)


No AI without IP (AI Governance Global, an IAPP event 2023)


AI Leadership in Action (AI Governance Global, an IAPP event 2023)


Keynote Panel: Moderator Jennifer Strong, Julie Brill, Keith Enright, Christina Montgomery, Rob Sherman (AI Governance Global, an IAPP event 2023)


What’s next for US state-level AI legislation


US policymakers, regulators discuss future of AI regulation at AIGG


US Senate subcommittee focuses on AI in the workplace


Leaders of CDT’s new AI Governance Lab want to shape policy dialogue


UN establishes global AI advisory board


White House rolls out comprehensive executive order on AI


Data bias: AI fairness and the need for diversity in privacy/data/AI governance


What AI Governance Leaders are Thinking About


Data quality, privacy joined at the hip


Examining India’s efforts to balance AI, data privacy


AI’s emergent abilities a ‘double-edged sword’


Performant risk mitigation for AI and LLMs


Keynote: Jennifer King, Privacy and Data Policy Fellow, Stanford University Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (IAPP Privacy. Security. Risk. 2023)


Evaluating the use of AI in privacy program operations


Building effective AI through collaboration


AI incident response plans: Not just for security anymore


Argentina’s AAIP creates AI transparency and protection of personal data program


Facebook, Google may have unreleased biometrics capabilities


UK digital regulators discuss interagency enforcement, AI governance coordination


London calling: Digital regulation and AI governance


Mila’s Gauthier: AI is ‘happening now,’ moving ‘fast’


Contentious areas in the EU AI Act trilogues


OpenAI launches ChatGPT Enterprise


Poll: Americans want federal regulation of AI


5 things to know about AI model cards


Managing privacy in the era of generative AI


AI vs. privacy: How to reconcile the need for sensitive data with the principle of minimization


AI & ethics – New developments, regulatory considerations and ethical obligations


Beyond GDPR: Unauthorized reidentification and the Mosaic Effect in the EU AI Act


Data protection issues for employers to consider when using generative AI


AI regulatory enforcement around the world


Regulators’ rulebook for AI: Bit by bit


Spilling the tea on AI accountability: An analysis of NTIA stakeholder comments


Canada rolls out generative AI code of practice


Catching up with the co-author of the White House Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights


Third-party liability and product liability for AI systems


What does AI need? A comprehensive federal data privacy and security law


Can AI regulators keep us safe without stifling innovation?


Argentina issues recommendations for reliable AI


Connecticut takes a first stab at regulating government use of AI


AI: The transatlantic race to regulate


Why AI may hit a roadblock under India’s proposed Digital Data Protection Bill


The latest dimension of the global race for an AI governance framework


The Atlantic Declaration: Data bridges, privacy and AI


The case for appointing an ‘AI custodian’ for AI governance


Schumer outlines comprehensive US blueprint for AI regulation


In scope or not? An EU AI Act decision tree and obligations


Launching an AI governance program? Start with your ‘why’


The EU Artificial Intelligence Act: A look into the EU negotiations


Generative AI: Privacy and Ethical Considerations for Your Business


Why we do not need to reinvent the wheel for an ethical approach to AI


Europe’s rulebook for artificial intelligence takes shape


AI governance, regulation top of mind at IAPP CPS 2023


OPC announces investigation of OpenAI at IAPP CPS 2023


BigID’s LLM-based BigAI seeks to automate data security, risk management


US Senate hearing showcases consensus for AI guardrails


The IAPP AI Governance Center: A call to action for privacy pros


Khan: FTC stands ready to ‘vigorously enforce’ AI


Report on responsible AI and privacy governance – discussion of findings


GPS 2023: AI opportunities for privacy professionals


What’s next for potential global AI regulation, best practices


Regulating for AI success


As generative AI grows in popularity, privacy regulators chime in


Keynote: Nina Schick (IAPP Global Privacy Summit 2023)


Chatbots, AI and the future of privacy


Generative AI: Privacy and tech perspectives


A view from DC: Should ChatGPT slow down?


Me, myself and generative AI


IAPP Summit Keynote Nina Schick on the latest AI developments


UK releases white paper on AI regulatory framework


Europol report warns against criminal uses of generative AI


Gates calls AI advancements revolutionary


The case of the EU AI Act: Why we need to return to a risk-based approach


ENISA creates guide for AI cybersecurity standardization


Federated learning: Supporting data minimization in AI


Generative AI: A ‘new frontier’


NIST’s Reva Schwartz on the new AI Risk Management Framework


Leveraging privacy governance for the responsible use of AI


Microsoft adds AI to search engine, web browser


Using sensitive data to prevent AI discrimination: Does the EU GDPR need a new exception?


Cheering emerging PETs: Global privacy tech support on the rise


Are EU AI Act sandboxes viable without GDPR waivers for experimentation?


Artificial intelligence: How to play in the sandbox


A look at European Parliament’s AI Act negotiations


How machine learning can help small businesses deal with data privacy compliance


Ethical guidelines on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and data in teaching and learning for educators


The future of AI regulations and how companies can prepare


Keynote: Mo Gawdat, former Google [X] chief business officer, author of ‘Scary Smart’ and ‘Solve for Happy’ (IAPP Privacy. Security. Risk. 2022)


Greek DPA imposes 20M euro fine on Clearview AI for unlawful processing of personal data


CNIL fines Clearview AI 20M euros


AI text-to-image generator tech outpacing ability to shape ‘norms’ for its use


CIPL – ​Delivering Sustainable AI Accountability in Practice


CEPS publishes EU AI Act report


European Commission on Artificial Intelligence: A European approach to excellence and trust


Metaverse and privacy


Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Big Data in Telecommunication Sector


How advanced deep fakes could threaten democracy


Proposed EU AI Act blurs lines between AI developers and data processors under GDPR


UK unveils data reform bill, proposes AI regulation


EU Artificial Intelligence Act Proposal: What could it change?


AI and Biometrics Privacy: Trends and Developments


Microsoft unveils framework for responsible AI


ICO – AI and Data Protection Risk Toolkit


Singapore launches first of its kind AI governance testing framework, toolkit


Report: Ransomware gangs may have resources to hire AI experts


CNIL Guidance – Artificial Intelligence


Clearview AI plans to offer tech to banks, private businesses


Stanford’s 2022 AI Index Report


Clearview AI now features 20 billion facial images


Inside the EU’s rocky path to regulate artificial intelligence


Chinese company develops AI program that predicts when employees will leave job


UK supermarkets rolling out AI-based age verification


UK government rolls out global AI standards initiative


Privacy and responsible AI


FBI agrees to licensing contract with Clearview AI


NIST releases report on AI risk management framework


FTC takes steps toward privacy, AI rulemaking


Algorithmic Awareness: Conversations with young Canadians about Artificial Intelligence and Privacy


US Department of Defense – Responsible AI Guidelines


Facebook to close its facial recognition system, but will it start a paradigm shift?


NASCIO — AI Meets the Moment: How a Pandemic Shaped AI Adoption in State Government


Survey: 36% in government sector plan to increase AI investments


Five Things Lawyers Need to Know About AI


UK details plans for national AI strategy


From Data Compliance to Data Intelligence


Will AI and algorithms truly dictate the future of content?


Gathering Strength, Gathering Storms: The One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence


Hong Kong privacy commissioner publishes AI guidance


DOJ to study use of AI in analyzing prison phone calls


Local facial recognition bans begin to take hold


How to manage privacy and AI risks within the same project


Handbook on Data Protection and Privacy for Developers of Artificial Intelligence in India


Report: A rise in AI-based toys threatens children’s privacy


Law enforcement using AI software to patrol social media


How to Deal with Facial Recognition and Make it Compliant?


Understanding Machine Learning Technology and Developing A Risk-Based Approach


Humans in the Loop: Building a Culture of Responsible AI


The EU AI Regulation — What’s New and What’s Not?


Wash. county bans facial recognition use by Sheriff’s Office, government agencies


Global Legal Insights: AI, Machine Learning & Big Data 2021


How privacy professionals can assess risks in AI, algorithms and automated decision making systems


Machine learning compliance considerations


Diversity and Inclusion: An AI Formula for HR Success


ICO: Guidance on AI and data protection


Why the EU’s AI regulation is a groundbreaking proposal


A look at what’s in the EU’s newly proposed regulation on AI


FTC publishes recommendations on AI


Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality: Privacy and Autonomy Considerations


Documents highlight relationship between NYPD, Clearview AI


Clearview story highlights potential AI collaboration issues between EU, US


Army plans facial recognition at automated checkpoints


The Privacy Expert’s Guide to AI and Machine Learning


AI tech on the rise, getting more personalized


Researchers’ browser extension uses AI to unearth opt-out links


Global AI projects, local privacy laws embracing privacy by design


United States Government Accountability Office — Artificial Intelligence in Health Care


Ensuring that responsible humans make good AI


Podcast: Carissa Véliz on privacy, AI ethics and democracy


AI, A Privacy Odyssey: Conducting Privacy Assessments on AI Projects


What privacy frameworks can teach us for implementing AI


When is AI PI? How current and future privacy laws implicate AI and machine learning


ICO: Explaining decisions made with AI


AI camera detects COVID-19 fever


Spanish DPA issues guide on AI-based data processing


Takeaways from new White House annual report on AI


Europe aims to take global lead with strategies on AI, data


The Privacy Advisor Podcast: How should we interpret the European Commission’s new AI strategy?


Accelerating AI with synthetic data


Securiti.ai receives $50M in funding for AI-focused privacy platform


AI a new obstacle for college students in job searches


Are organizations safeguarding against the risks posed by AI?


Frontline Film: In the Age of AI


Building Ethics into Privacy Frameworks for Big Data and AI