Spain's data protection authority, the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos, published guidance on the use of privacy-enhancing technologies in data systems, noting they can be used to implement governance policies, and increase trust and data sovereignty. "PETs can be, and should be, 'dual-use' technologies to be efficient and effective, integrated in the core of the Data Spaces, fulfilling different purposes in the data-access sharing economy," the AEPD said.