Vietnam's first standalone AI Law: An overview of key provisions, future implications

Vietnam is accelerating its push to emerge as a regional technology powerhouse, with strategic investments in artificial intelligence and semiconductors underscoring this ambition. Government officials highlighted the technologies as twin engines for innovation and global competitiveness, aiming to nurture talent and build intelligent manufacturing centers.

To realize this goal, the country passed a principle-based framework under the Law on Digital Technology Industry in mid-2025, and within less than three months expedited a draft Law on Artificial Intelligence to replace that framework.

Enacted 10 Dec. 2025, and effective 1 March 2026, Vietnam's first standalone AI law positions the country among early adopters in the region, emphasizing a pro-innovation stance that balances growth with safeguards. As a clear manifestation of the Brussels effect, the law focuses on risk-based management with risk classification and concepts similar to that under the EU's AI Act. 

Notably, it fully supersedes the nascent AI provisions in the Law on Digital Technology Industry, which took effect 1 Jan. 2026, consolidating oversight under a unified framework to streamline compliance.

Fundamental principles

The AI Law's foundational principles, outlined in Article 4, prioritize human-centered AI that safeguards human rights, privacy, national interests and security while ensuring compliance with Vietnam's Constitution and laws. 

Key tenets include maintaining human control over AI decisions, promoting fairness, transparency, non-bias and accountability, and aligning with ethical standards and the country's cultural values. The law also encourages green, inclusive and sustainable AI development, focusing on energy efficiency and environmental protection. This approach mirrors the EU AI Act's emphasis on trustworthy AI, particularly in human-centric design and transparency. 

Prohibited acts